- An article by Charles F. Aiken from this 1912 reference work. Reviews the key teachings and history of Confucianism, and its relation to Christianity.
- Paper by James Wang delivered at the 20th World Congress of Philosophy. Sets in opposition the Confucian and Western contractarian understandings of family relations.
- The ideal of conduct, ordering all human relationships and resulting in an ideal social structure and harmony - a famous maxim is: "Never do to others, what you would not like them to do to you."
- Article published in The Atlantic in 1999. Considers the modern revival of Confucianism in the light of recent scholarship which questions Confucianism's historical origins and the appropriateness of "Confucianism" as a general term.